Choosing home. Which house of the old buildings to choose

What to look for in the first place when choosing a home is not a new building? Here there is no unimportant details. Has meaning everything: the roof, the walls and floors. In fact, in the new house can not find enough flaws in all respects, and that is why it is important to understand how these or other serious flaws.

Outset, the term "old building" in this article refers to the house, built more than 20 years ago. First, in those years, not all adhere to construction technology. Second, many used in the construction and decoration of the house those materials which could get due to a shortage, so talk about the quality and standards compliance is often not necessary. In the end view of the housing was another plan in particular: in Ukraine mainly built houses with many from the modern point of view of "stupid" Rooms: or with a variety of big or small bedrooms of 5-7 m. m from the entrance of the rooms bigger.

Filter house of the old buildings, extinct geometry angles or checking the evenness of the walls, it does not make much sense, since most of them, if not carried out major repairs, the walls are still inundated, and the angles are far from 90 degrees. On examination of the house is worth more attention to the appearance of the house as such, the availability of communications and the possibility to change anything or add if necessary.

Standard area of a private home, which is claimed by most buyers, especially in a crisis, 80-100 m. m This area is suitable for a large family, at the same time it does not require much effort to remove it and heat. This area is more than the standard two-bedroom apartment. In addition, if the family is increasing, we can visually separate the house and even make a separate entrance.

Domiciliary visit

When choosing a home should first see the house from the outside, then plot and only then move to the inside of the house. When you pay attention to the external examination walls and roof.

There is no doubt that almost every house has cracks in old houses. In place of an extension to the house is cracked, as a rule, always. Solid neutralize their host so that you only see traces of their presence in the past. If the facade is decorated with anything, such as siding or foam, then, of course, you will not see the cracks, even if they are. But if you and saw a crack, or traces of it, do not rush to conclusions, find out the cause of its appearance, it might be a long crack, which appeared as a result of subsidence of the foundation. In this case, it is not dangerous, but it must be sealed. If the house is newly built and crack went on a new wall, then it means that the house continues to give drawdown and cracks may appear in the future.

Cellar

Often give crack houses that are on unstable ground, where closely spaced groundwater. These homes may be close to the reservoirs, as well as where the soil is subject to mechanical intervention, for example in the construction of the subway.

For example, in Dnepropetrovsk many houses originally built on stable ground, but when the city began to build underground layers of soil shifted, so that the water came very close, and on the hill.The presence of moisture suggest cellars. Usually in the spring and fall they are flooded: someone with a bayonet spade, and someone and knee. In hot weather, dry basements, so determine at this time whether waterlogged grounds of being at home, it is impossible. Often, homes are located in 30 meters of each other, and in one house in the basement of the water, "worth", and the other does not. To solve the water drainage authorities do drainages, but not everywhere.

Closely spaced ground water do not give many plants take root, such as cherries, or some vegetables that are rotting from the abundance of moisture. If the house is not at all the cellar, then it is likely filled because it unusable due to the presence of groundwater. If the site grow reeds - a sure sign of the proximity of water. It often happens that on the ground close to impossible to do groundwater drainage pit latrine, or it is filled too quickly, so it is often necessary to deflate.

Thus, buying a house or not - is a personal decision.

Walls

Most of the built between 50 and 70 years are old houses. Technology of their construction is as follows: on the perimeter to make wooden houses shuttering height walls of the house, into the slag poured with concrete formwork after drying monolith shot. Traces of the formwork can be found on the facade of the house uncovered: they appear as bumps, repeated at a distance of the width of the board.

Advantages:

• sturdy and durable design, and is not afraid of rain strikes
• does not require additional care facade (in the case of high-quality masonry)
• ecologically clean material
• long term operating

Disadvantages:

• high thermal conductivity, heat loss through the "cold bridges" (30%)
• more expensive (with purchase) compared with houses made of other materials

Many homes, especially built after the 1980s, Ukraine was built from cinder blocks. Cinder blocks house was embroidered, it was fashionable to do on top of the walls "coat". You can also see the whitewashed houses of cinderblock.

Advantages:

• strong, durable wall
• long term operating

Disadvantages:

• requires a good thermal insulation (50-100mm mineral wool insulation in Depending on from climate zone)
• without insulation in winter and cool in the summer heats up quickly

Until the early 80s of the last century in Ukraine were allowed to build two-storey house is not everything. Therefore built ground (first) floor where the ceiling height is 2.20-2.30 m (standard ceiling height of 2.50 m in the apartment). Thus, many houses in the country, mainly cinder blocks one that are built on this type and have low ceilings on the first floor. Someone deep into the earth, reaching a standard height, someone just doing on the ground floor kitchen and sitting area. The second floor was built with higher ceilings, tall 2,80-3 m

Adobe house is  the type of homes when the clay mixed with straw, typical for construction from the beginning of the last century. Currently, these houses are built almost. Was very popular kind of stuff in the countryside. Typically, these whitewashed houses annually. Every year the cob house comes into disrepair.

It's worth noting that, as a rule, mud houses in our area were built a long time ago, and their life is not so long. Frankly, adobe house, built 60-70 years ago, has long outlived its function. By and large, these homes are sold as a free application to the areas under construction. No need to waste money to buy it, if you plan to live in the house for a long time and grow in it children and grandchildren.

Advantages:

• ecologically clean material
• perfectly keeps warm in winter and cool in summer
• easy and cheap to care for the original fa?ade

Disadvantages:

• short-lived, with no care flimsy construction
• Difficulty repair work indoors (due to lack of adhesion with modern materials)
• difficulties in rescheduling space (since the structure unstable)

Often there are houses made of mud, lined with tiles or bricks. In this case, the facade is protected from moisture in the house cool in the summer, as if there is air-conditioned. Also cool in the summer and will be in those houses where the walls are made of any material, and inside the house is decorated with plaster instead of adobe. This is a fairly thick layer of clay mixed with straw (20-30 cm wide). In winter, this house will be a long time to keep warm.

It may be noted that the peculiar smell in the adobe house almost nothing can bring, especially if you live in a house elderly or sick people. When checking in the best case will need to carefully designed wall, and then change and floors and woodwork. And in special putty added impurities, which provide a bunch of clay with putty. When the adobe wall plaster, also added to the impurity or a little putty clay to plaster walls not far behind. Sometimes putty red spots appear - it emerges clay. Such places can be filled with oil paint.

In principle, any home can impose a brick, whether he or adobe cinder blocks. Often the owners say that their house is brick, although it is only lined with brick. External inspection of the house can not always tell from what made the "native" wall. However, the data sheet on the structure of this information can be read. A typical sign that the house was lined with brick years after construction - deeply "buried" window.

House draped brick facade of conservation considerations, as well as insulation. It happens that his and draped to hide the unsightly appearance of the fa?ade, or to hide the obvious defects. In the latter case, it rarely turns out, because the "side" of the house pop up in another place and it will be understood that the house is not worth buying. One can not say that topped brick house purchase is not necessary, to look at the structure as a whole, as well as how cared for home ownership.

Roof

It is recommended to go up to the attic. Inspect rafters and battens: whether there are rotten beams, if there are any gaps on the roof, or stains. At the same time look at the top, what ceiling is made of, how it is insulated. Pay attention to have no gaps in a roof, otherwise through these holes in the roof moisture in the form of snow and rain will appear.

As a rule, single storey houses of  old building are covered with wooden beams , sometimes even by sleepers , they were  jammed with  shingles, and then from the inside ceiling was plasterered or daubed with clay , and part of the attic ceiling was  made of adobe, or  was insulated with mineral wool  or expanded clay . It should be noticed that these materials retain heat really well.

It is not always possible to determine visually, by looking at the ceiling from inside, whether the roof has flowed before - hosts can patch up the leak. However, examination of the attic can shed light on it too. If the roof was leaking for a long time, then clay or mineral wool deteriorated due to moisture. Then simply overlap the new slate. If rafters are black, it means presence of moisture, you will need to override roof and change the crate. In fact, these costs are already included in the article of overhaul.

Slate

The most common type of roof covering of a house of old buildings is slate. It is relatively inexpensive and durable material. Its lifetime with proper fastening is 50 years. Eventually slate dims then the fungus appears on it, eventually green moss begins to grow. This roof does not have to flow, but its appearance is poor. Old slate is dark gray, sometimes black, sometimes broken or damaged. This slate will not serve a long time, after a while it will have to be changed.

Not so long ago, it has become fashionable to paint slate; it requires a special paint, which costs quite high. If slate is painted by cheaper counterparts, in a couple of years the roof will burn off. Modern paints do not give slate to cover with fungus. Old slate roof can be painted; beforehand it must be cleaned mechanically. You should pay attention that the cost of cleaning and painting of the old roof sometimes exceeds the cost of covering it with new material.

Tiles and iron

Houses were covered with tile long time ago. This eco-friendly material once looked very well. If several tiles are damaged, you can replace them partially with new ones, if there are no tiles for replacement, in fact it is impossible to do something, as they are no longer manufactured . Hence, the roof has to be   overlapped completely with a new material.

Modern materials

Overlap of old buildings with modern materials, such as metal tile or soft roof, says that to repair the house treated thoroughly, and we can expect a systematic approach to the owners of the house.

Communications

Notably, but ask about the availability of communications, such as water and gas, and is a necessity nowadays progress: not all urban areas are equipped with water and gas pipelines. It so happens that there is gas in the street, but to have it in the house is not possible for some technical reasons. Ask the locals features of the area.

Water

If there is no central water supply wells hit, establishing water pumping stations. On the one hand, a house does not depend on the utility, which can cover the water periodically for any repairs. On the other hand, there is a dependence on the electrical - in the absence of energy water pumping station will not. Also, there is a risk that the water will be siphoned off of poor quality, or too hard, so what will happen to that bathe or wash in it will be the whole problem.

The concept of "water in the house" and "water on the plot" involves the direct value, ie in the latter case there is water in the yard, but the house is not wound up. Accordingly, the "Water Street", means that the water is not even wound up in court. The situation is similar with the conduct of gas and electricity.

Sewerage

Central drainage - it's just a luxury for the private sector, at home with her presence very much appreciated, since not all the central districts of the city it is. And even if the sewer is laid side by side, not the fact that you can get permission to connect to it, then it is very expensive pleasure. The majority have to settle for a cesspool. Check the word about its hosts depth and width is often impossible. Have to take their word.

Drain hole should be lined with brick or cinder block, which is not delivered to the edge, and on the end to allow water to go into the hole. It is important to have access to the pit. Do emergency vehicles have a standard-flusher hose length to which are added to lengthen the sleeves (eg 7 m plus the right amount). For each sleeve extension to pay. Thus depends on the distance from the pit service cost. If a pit used for more than 5 years, most likely it will need to pump. Frequency to be determined according to the terms of use.

In the case where closely spaced ground water, sanitation can become one sealed drain hole: now a large selection of special containers, although they are not cheap. Legitimize the drain hole is not necessary.

Heating

Rarely, but there are houses with stove heating. It is clear that the cost of this house is below the house, where there is a gas boiler. Conduct house gas - it is a laborious and lengthy process. Also the cost of the boiler, pipes, batteries and work will be more than one thousand dollars. If the house is heated by electricity, it should be legalized. Resolution on the electric boiler can be obtained only if the house is not possible to bring gas.

Gas boilers are of two types: chimney, requiring a separate room and powerful pipes for ventilation, and bezdymohodnye that can be installed in the hallway or in the kitchen, for the exhaust system is made through a hole in the wall where a small set special knee. Turbofan boiler means that they can both heat the house and hot water use. Thus, you can save on installation separate boiler, separate gas column, and still save space.

If you want to change an existing boiler in the house, you need a mandatory to consult the experts. It may be that the device is not suitable wiring or pipes need some additional equipment (eg, expansion tank).

If you see an old boiler occupying polkuhni or standing in the wrong, from your perspective, place, know that modern equipment is able to eliminate. You can hang a small neat double-pressure boiler in a convenient location. By the way, this boiler needs a power supply, so if finding a home in the area have power outages, it is better to abandon it in favor of a conventional boiler. Let him take up more space, but it will always be warm. Also craftsmen put in conventional boiler circulating pump to save that effectively distribute heat at low temperature, and saves money. You also need to know that underfloor heating can be done only if there is a pump in the boiler (combi boiler in it is unique).

Electricity

Wiring in old houses, usually done during the construction of the house. If the house is not being overhauled, hence also did not change the wiring. Look at the number of sockets and switches placement: if the room a couple of "high" outlets and switch located at shoulder level, then most likely, this posting was made in the Soviet era. Replacing the wiring throughout the house - the process time consuming and expensive, as then you will need to have to change the whole interior trim.

In the private sector more voltage problems on the network. Some neighbor enjoys welder someone connects "goats" illegally, etc. It should be clearly set voltage relays and very desirable - a voltage stabilizer. In an extreme case, the stabilizers should be on such sensitive voltage drop devices as computer and boiler.

Counters

Before selling a home owner will have to get a certificate of absence of debt. Thus, the meter checked by qualified personnel. If the counter is the old model, it should be replaced by a new electronic, and put it in this case, on the street, by attaching to the front of the house, under the new rules.

Gas meters for several years to equip street. Previously allowed to put it in the house. Gas meter for issuing a certificate of absence of debt can be removed and checked by experts, was not whether irregularities in its operation.

Gorvodokanal must also issue a certificate of no debt, no matter is in the house water meter or not. Thus, the counters look when buying a home too. It is important to require the presence of all certificates on the deal. Do not settle, if you promise to do some help after the sale.

Operating data sheet

If visually house like study it in detail with the help of technical passport. Ask the owners to see the original note on the date of its issuance. If the house has undergone changes in recent years, and the registration certificate is issued for a long time, so have a lot to legitimize that take a long time.

According to the data sheet, you can learn a lot about when the house is built, what it was made, what it has communication, space structures, etc. However, the same is not always indicated in the data sheet, for example, the year of completion of the house or the date of repair. In addition, the technician can make a mistake in drawing up the plan, without writing, or distorted, some parameters. But in general, there is information here to be trusted.

So, on the first page of the log book and indicate the owner of the share ownership, in which he owns a house.

The fifth page indicates house plan indicating the areas of all rooms, as well as the ceiling height. Bold bearing walls, and breaking that can not endure.

The sixth page contains information about the area of the structure in detail. Below are the total area (in this case 99.8). Contains the higher area of house, which is the amount of living space.

If the house has more than one floor, or has ground floor, it will be listed in the log details of each floor plan showing all the areas on each separate sheet.

The fifth page indicates house plan indicating the areas of all rooms, as well as the ceiling height. Bold bearing walls, and breaking that can not endure.

On the penultimate page (on the inside back cover) specified characteristics of the house. In the "year of construction" in this example specifies two figures: the first - year of construction, the second - year overhaul and completion of the house. So, even if the house had left two walls, and built a 100 m. m, in the log will appear first date, the second date may not be. Therefore, a good renovated house can be dated the beginning of the last century.

Further stated that the house is built of walls, roof, floors. All documentation in Ukraine is the national language, so do not look here the words "brick" - will instead "tsegla" etc. Then the availability of communications. Trace shows the total area of the house based on partitions, in this case 124.15 m. m, 25 m. m more than the actual area. Also contains the evaluation of BTI at the time of equipment and depreciation percentage at home - data that, in fact, the buyer not need.

IMPORTANT : Now legitimize annexe and outbuildings on a plot of land is not privatized very hard. By law, the owner of the house is only a tenant of land on which the house is located. Owner of the site is a state that allows to get a job completed and only if the land is privatized. Otherwise, legalization will be held by the court, which is expensive and time consuming. In addition, BTI can not register the decision of the court, referring to all new legislation, thus legitimizing may not take place. Two years ago, the legalization procedure was much easier and was made through the executive committee and the department of architecture. By the way, district executive committees had issued building permits are invalid today.

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